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Black Walnut: Juglans nigra Juglandaceae |
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Black Walnut: Juglans nigra Juglandaceae |
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The walnut/butternut group (Juglans spp.) contains 15 species which grow in South Amer
ica [6], Eurasia [4] and North America [6]. The word juglans is the classic Latin name of walnut, meaning nut of Jupiter.
North American species of Juglans:
Juglans californica California black walnut, California walnut, claro walnut, southern California walnut
Juglans cinerea butternut
Juglans hindsii California black walnut, hinds black walnut, northern California walnut
Juglans major Arizona black walnut, Arizona walnut, little walnut, Mexican walnut, western walnut Juglans microcarpa Arizona walnut, dwarf walnut, little walnut, Mexican walnut, river walnut, Texas black walnut, Texas walnut, western walnut
Juglans nigra American walnut, American black walnut, black walnut, burbank walnut, eastern black walnut, eastern walnut, gunwood, Virginia walnut
acommercial species
Distribution: Black walnut is native to the eastern United States, from southern Minnesota east to Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York; south to South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama; west to Texas; and north through Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota.
The Tree: Black walnut trees reach heights of 120 ft (37 m), with a diameter of over 3 ft (1 m).
General Wood Characteristics: The sapwood of black walnut is nearly white, while the heartwood is light brown to dark, chocolate brown, often with a purplish cast and darker streaks. The wood is heavy, hard, and stiff and has high shock resistance.
Weighta |
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Moisture content |
Specific gravity |
Weight |
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lb/ft3 |
kg/m3 |
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Green 12% Ovendry |
0.51 |
58 |
929 609 NA |
aReferences: specific gravity, green and 12%, (98); specific gravity, ovendry, (59); weight, (59).
Mechanical propertiesa
Property |
Green |
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Dry |
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MOE |
1.42 x 106 lbf/in2 |
9.791 GPa |
1.68 x 106 lbf/in2 |
11.584 GPa |
MOR |
9.50 x 103 lbf/in2 |
65.503 MPa |
14.6 x 103 lbf/in2 |
100.667 MPa |
C| | |
4.30 x 103 lbf/in2 |
29.649 MPa |
7.58 x 103 lbf/in2 |
52.264 MPa |
C ⊥ |
0.49 x 103 lbf/in2 |
3.379 MPa |
1.01 x 103 lbf/in2 |
6.964 MPa |
WML |
14.6 in-lbf/in3 |
100.667 kJ/m3 |
10.7 in-lbf/in3 |
73.777 kJ/m3 |
Hardness |
900 lbf |
4,003.20 N |
1,010 lbf |
4,492.48 N |
Shear| | |
1.22 x 103 lbf/in2 |
8.412 MPa |
1.37 x 103 lbf/in2 |
9.446 MPa |
aReference (98). |
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Drying and shrinkagea |
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Percentage of shrinkage |
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(green to final moisture content) |
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Type of shrinkage |
0% MC |
6% MC |
20% MC |
Tangential |
7.8 |
6.2 |
2.6 |
Radial |
5.5 |
4.4 |
1.8 |
Volumetric |
12.8 |
10.2 |
4.3 |
aReferences: 0% MC, (98); 6% and 20% MC, (90).
Kiln drying schedulea |
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Condition |
4/4, 5/4, 6/4 |
8/4 |
10/4 |
12/4 |
16/4 |
Standard |
T6-D4 |
T3-D3 |
T3-D3 |
T3-C2 |
NA |
aReferences (6, 86). |
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Working Properties: Black walnut is straight grained and easily worked with hand tools and by machine. It finishes beautifully and holds paint and stain exceptionally well. It also glues and polishes well.
Durability: Rated as very resistant to heartwood decay—one of the most durable woods, even under conditions favorable to decay.
Preservation: No information available at this time.
Uses: Furniture, fixtures, cabinets, gunstocks, novelties, interior paneling, veneer. Toxicity: No information available at this time.
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